Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease: Why Women Are at Risk

Introduction

While cardiovascular disease is often perceived as a male issue, it is also the leading cause of death among women. This article explores the unique risk factors for women, such as hormonal changes, pregnancy-related complications, and differences in how women experience heart attack symptoms. It also discusses the importance of tailored prevention and treatment strategies for women

1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Women often experience different symptoms of heart disease compared to men. For instance, while chest pain is a common symptom for both genders, women may also experience more subtle signs such as fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, and back or jaw pain. These atypical symptoms can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment, increasing the risk of severe outcomes.

2. High Cholesterol

Mary, a 50-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with high LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of arteries, forming plaques that narrow and harden the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This restricts blood flow to the heart and can lead to a heart attack. By incorporating a diet low in saturated fats and trans fats, along with regular exercise, Mary can lower her LDL levels and protect her heart health.

3. Smoking

Steve, a 40-year-old smoker, has been smoking a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 20 years. Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, leading to the build-up of fatty material (atheroma) which narrows the artery. This process can result in coronary artery disease, increasing Steve's risk of heart attack. Quitting smoking would significantly reduce his risk of CVD and improve his overall health.